Ascochyta blight of chickpeas is caused by the fungal pathogen phoma rabiei formerly known as ascochyta rabiei which is specific to chickpeas. Gent, martha mikkelson, and jack riesselman identification and life cycle ascochyta blight of chickpea is caused by the fungus ascochyta rabiei. Management of ascochyta blight ascochyta rabiei in chickpea using a new fungicide. View enhanced pdf access article on wiley online library html view download pdf for offline viewing. In planta identification of putative pathogenicity factors. The primers amplify the internal transcribed spacer its regions of a. Systematic mycology and microbiology laboratory invasive fungi fact sheets ascochyta blight of broad beansdidymella fabae ascochyta fabae ascochyta blight is the most severe disease of coolseason pulses davidson and kimber, 2007. Pdf management of ascochyta blight ascochyta rabiei in. Management ndsu extension service north dakota state university fargo, north dakota 58105 june 2008 figure 1. Figure 2 circular arrangement of pycnidia structures that produce infective spores on both stem left and leaf right. Development of the teleomorph of ascochyta rabiei on culture media.
Draft genome sequencing and secretome analysis of fungal. Ascochyta blight, caused by ascochyta rabiei, is a serious disease of chickpea cicer arietinum and fungicide applications are used to manage the disease in the north central plains 4. P revolves around the secondary structure, presence of 3overhang, star mirna evidence, less than six nucleotides difference between mature and star mirna lengths, the dicer cleavage site and the minimum free energy of the small rna reads meyers et al. However, these crops are themselves affected by a number of foliar and root diseases, with ascochyta blights being one of the most important groups of. Plant sciences group, po box 84, lincoln university, canterbury, new zealand abstract. Didymella rabiei is the teleomorph of ascochyta rabiei, which is the anamorph, but both names are the same species. Legume crops provide an excellent source of high quality plant protein and have a key role in arable crop rotations reducing the need for fertilizer application and acting as breakcrops facilitating management of pests, diseases and weeds.
Status of ascochyta rabiei of chickpea in the mediterranean basin portapuglia a. The species didymella fabae anamorph ascochyta fabae that attacks vicia faba can survive and reproduce. Systematic mycology and microbiology laboratory invasive. Baseline sensitivity of ascochyta rabiei to azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, and boscalid article pdf available in plant disease 922 february 2008 with 292 reads how we measure reads. A comparison of methods for the detection of ascochyta rabiei in. Characterization and identification of an epidemic strain of ascochyta rabiei on chickpeas in northwest china xiaolu chen. Mode of infection of ascochyta blight of chickpea caused by. A diagnostic test based on restriction fragment length polymorphism rflp analysis of polymerase chain reaction pcr amplified dna was developed to detect a. In recent years this disease has become the most important disease in chickpeas. School of land and food sciences, the university of queensland, brisbane, queensland 4072, australia. Ascochyta blight is the most severe disease of coolseason pulses davidson and kimber, 2007. Agronomy free fulltext an update on genetic resistance. Recent epidemics in the united states 1980s and australia 1990s caused major industry disruptions, reflected by a sharp decline in the area sown.
Jul 18, 2008 a population study of ascochyta rabiei from the canadian prairies was conducted to assess pathogenicity among isolates with the objectives to investigate the existence of a race or pathotype structure and to evaluate whether there had been a shift to higher aggressiveness between 1998 and 2002. The fungus is heterothallic and requires the pairing of two compatible mating types for the teleomorph to develop. Introduction on infected seed occurred in australia and canada in the 1970s, and was probably the. Management of ascochyta blight ascochyta rabiei in. Epidemiology and management of ascochyta blight of field pea. Abstract ascochyta blight is the ethiopias most important disease of chickpea that affects the quantitative and qualitative chickpea yield. Ascochyta fabae attacks vicia faba and can survive and reproduce in and spread from crop debris or be transported in infected seed. Ascochyta blight, caused by ascochyta rabiei, is a major constraint to chickpea production in australia. Genetics of virulence in ascochyta rabiei peever 2012. Ascochyta blight, caused by the fungus ascochyta rabiei, is a serious disease of garbanzo beans chickpeas, cicer arietinum l. The amplicon from this pcr reaction, when digested with the restriction enzymes nla iv and sau 96i, gives a distinct banding pattern that can be used to. Chlorothalonil, carbendazim and mancozeb were used to control a. Ascochyta lesions on chickpea pods, leaves and stems. Pdf management of ascochyta rabiei by chenopodium album.
The ascochyta blight pathogen grows from the seed to the seedling and even a few infected seedlings can be a source of disease spread. Pathogenic diversity of ascochyta rabiei isolates and identification. This page was last edited on 10 december 2019, at 01. Production of chickpea in the rainy season main cropping in ethiopia could not be envisaged without fungicide application to control ascochyta rabiei. Development of ascochyta blight ascochyta rabiei in chickpea as affected by host resistance and plant age. Photo by kiersten wise ascochyta blight is the most problematic disease of chickpea in north dakota and a severe disease in most chickpea growing regions of the world. Breeding for resistance to lentil ascochyta blight g.
Management of ascochyta blight of chickpea causal pathogen. Evaluation of various fungicides for the control of. Management of ascochyta blight ascochyta r abiei in. The disease is particularly severe under cool and humid weather conditions. Development of the teleomorph of ascochyta rabiei on culture. The others are sclerotinia stem rot white mold and. Didymella rabiei, commonly called chickpea ascochyta blight fungus is a fungal plant pathogen of chickpea. Ascochyta blight caused by didymella rabiei anamorph. Even if disease free seed is used and rotations are long, scout your chickpeas carefully for disease. Although blight can be controlled by the use of disease free seeds, destruction of plant disease debris, seed dressing and foliar fungicides but under certain. Mode of infection of ascochyta blight of chickpea caused. Herein, we report on the discovery of the didymella teleomorph of ascochyta pisi, and show the phylogenetic placement of that fungus with respect to a representative isolate of d. Structure and pathogenic variability in ascochyta rabiei.
Cu nnell birkbeck college, university of london with 6 textfigures ascochyta acori oud, found on dead leaves of acorus calamus l. Pdf development of ascochyta blight ascochyta rabiei. Isolation of ascochyta rabiei and a convenient method for copious inoculum production. Ascochyta blight ab caused by ascochyta rabiei pass. An adequate level of genetic resistance is not available in the cultivated genotypes and fungicides become ineffective under the high disease pressure. To understand the composition of fungi associated with this disease in zhejiang. The pathogen only infects chickpea, but related pathogens also attack lentil and pea. Ascochyta rabiei is an important foliar disease of chickpea in many countries.
Ascochyta is a genus of ascomycete fungi, containing several species that are pathogenic to plants, particularly cereal crops. Fungal material singlespore cultures of all isolates were used to inoculate chickpea stem pieces, which were then stored in a dry state for future use. The genus was first described in 1830 by marieanne libert, who regarded the spores as minute asci and the cell contents as spherical spore. Evaluation of various fungicides for the control of ascochyta rabiei 1995 inamulhaq, m. Hence, fungicides are available management an option is essential to successfully manage the disease and mitigate yield losses. Development of didymella rabiei, the teleomorph of ascochyta. Ascochyta blight occurred in 1986, were sterilized with propylene oxide 4 and used as an ascochytafree control. Status of ascochyta rabiei of chickpea in the mediterranean basin. Figure 3 effect of infection on seed size and quality. Apr 12, 2016 ascochyta blight, an infection caused by a complex of ascochyta pinodes, ascochyta pinodella, ascochyta pisi, andor phoma koolunga, is a destructive disease in many field peas pisum sativum l. Management of ascochyta rabiei by chenopodium album. Breeding for host resistance is an efficient means to combat this disease.
Ascospores germinate and infect pea over a range of tempatures 40 to 95. It also produces toxins, for example, solana pyrones a, b, c, and phytotoxins that kill host tissue. Ascochyta blight is the most important disease of chickpea worldwide and has been recorded in nearly all producing countries. Studies on the control of ascochyta blight in field peas. Use disease free seed foliar fungicide application should be based on scouting, field history and disease risk. In this paper, attempts have been made to summarize the progress made in identifying resistance. The primary inoculum source that initiates disease epidemics is airborne ascospores released from fungal fruiting bodies pycnidia and perithecia on infested crop debris. Pdf chenopodium album, leaves were selected to evaluate their antifungal. Davidson ja, wilmshurst cj, scott es, salam mu 2012 relationship between ascochyta blight on field pea pisum sativum and spore release patterns of didymella pinodes and other causal agents of ascochyta blight. Ascochyta rabieiomicsgroupjournal of plant pathology and. A comparative study of turkish and israeli populations of. Evaluation of various fungicides for the control of ascochyta. An update on genetic resistance of chickpea to ascochyta blight. Characterization and identification of an epidemic strain.
Ascochyta blight of chickpeas plant management network. Ascochyta blight is one of three major disease problems affecting garbanzos in the central valley of california. Ascochyta blight, chickpea, pathogen, disease management ascochyta blight ab is a devastating and widespread fungal disease of chickpea caused by ascochyta rabiei l. Plant disease pp62 management ndsu extension service. Draft genome sequencing and secretome analysis of fungal phytopathogen ascochyta rabiei provides insight into the necrotrophic effector repertoire. Present status and future prospects of chickpea crop production and improvement in the. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Ascochyta rabiei michael wunsch, plant pathologist north dakota state university carrington research extension center 9. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Hilal ozkilinc and canan can, the most recent status of genetic structure of didymella rabiei ascochyta rabiei populations in turkey and the first genotype profile of the pathogen from the wild ancestor, cicer reticulatum, phytoparasitica, 10. Pdf isolation of ascochyta rabiei and a convenient.